The Easiest Way to Learn English
1.Verb:
A Verb is a word that shows action (runs, hits, slides) or state of being (is, are, was, were, am, and so on).
Examples: He ran around the block.
You are my friend.
If a verb follows to, it is called an infinitive phrase and is not the main verb. You will find the main verb either before or after the infinitive phrase.
Examples: I like to walk.
2.Subject:
A Subject is the noun or pronoun that performs the verb.
Example: The woman hurried.
Woman is the subject.
Sentences often have more than one subject, more than one verb, or pairs of subjects and verbs. Examples: I like cake and he likes ice cream.
Two pairs of subjects and verbs
He and I like cake.
Two subjects and one verb
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerb.asp
Basic Rules for Subject and Verb:
• The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.
• Two singular subjects connected by or or nor require a singular verb.
Example: My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.
• Two singular subjects connected by either/or or neither/nor require a singular verb
Examples: Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.
• As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by and. Example: A car and a bike are my means of transportation
• When either and neither are subjects, they always take singular verbs.
Examples: Neither of them is available to speak right now. Either of us is capable of doing the job.
• Use a singular verb with sums of money or periods of time.
Examples: Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense.
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp
3. Nouns:
Names a person, place, or thing
Example: nadeem, Caribbean, ship,mankera,pencil,computer
http://grammar.about.com/od/basicsentencegrammar/a/POS.htm
Rules of Nouns:
• Add an -s to make a plural of most words.
1. star — stars
2. pencil — pencils
3. book — books
• For words that end in a “hissing sound (-s -z -x -ch -sh) add an -es to the word.
1. kiss — kisses
2. hex — hexes
3. match — matches
• For words that end in a vowel plus -y (-ay, -ey, -iy, -oy, -uy) add an -s to the word
1. boy — boys
2. day — days
3. pulley — pulleys
• For words that end in a consonant plus a -y, change the -y into -ie and add an -s.
1. theory — theories
2. lily — lilies
3. empty — empties
• For words that end in -is. change the -is to -es to make the plural
1. thesis — theses
2. oasis — oases
3. analysis — analyses
• Some words that end in -f or -fe have plurals that end in -ves.
1. elf — elves
2. calf — calves
3. shelf — shelves
http://www.paulnoll.com/Books/Clear-English/English-plurals-1.html
4. Pronouns:
A word that takes the place of a noun or othrer pronoun is called pronoun .
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/pronounterm.htm
Exampless:
I, mine, me
We, ours, use
You, yours
He, his, him, she, hers, it
They, theirs, them
who, whom, whose, which, and what.
Jane looked into the car and found it empty. (The noun car is replaced by the pronoun it)
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/pronouns.html
Rules of Pronouns:
• Possessive pronouns show ownership and never need apostrophes.
Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,
Examples: It’s a cold morning. The thermometer reached its highest reading.
• Reflexive pronouns – myself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, ourselves, yourself, yourselves- should be used only when they refer back to another word in the sentence.
Examples:
Correct: I worked myself to the bone.
Incorrect: My brother and myself did it.
The word myself does not refer back to another word.
Correct: My brother and I did it.
Incorrect: Please give it to John or myself.
Correct: Please give it to John or me.
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/pronoun.asp
• The basic pronoun rules are that the pronoun has to match the original noun in number and case
Example:
Sally eats an apple.
She eats an apple.
http://www.yourdictionary.com/grammar/pronouns/pronoun-usage-in-english.html
• We use who or that when we talk about people.
Who is more formal than that.
• We use which or that when we talk about things (not people).
Which is more formal than that.
• We use whose to show possession.
John, whose brother was also a musician, plays over 100 concerts every year.
• We use where when we talk about place.
My wife and I went to the bar where we first met.
http://speakspeak.com/a/html/d10i014_english_grammar_relative_pronouns.htm
5. Adjective:
An adjective modifies a noun. It describes the quality, state or action that a noun refers to.
Exapmle: I have bought a new computer.
She speaks nicely.
Rules of an Adjectives:
• Adjectives can come before nouns:
a new car
• Adjectives can come after verbs
that car looks fast
• They can be modified by adverbs:
a very expensive car
• They can be used as complements to a noun:
the extras make the car expensive
http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/adjective.html
6. Adverbs:
Adverbs are words like slowly, tomorrow, now, soon and suddenly. An adverb usually modifies a verb or a verb phrase. It provides information about the manner, place or circumstances of the activity denoted by the verb or verb phrase.
Example
• She walked slowly. (Here the adverb slowly shows the manner in which she walked.)
• The kids are playing upstairs. (Here the adverb upstairs provides information about the place of the activity.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb
Liat of Comon Adverbs:
already
during
finally
just
last
later
next
now
recently
soon
then
tomorrow
when
while
and yesterday.
http://www.momswhothink.com/reading/list-of-adverbs.html
Rules of Adverb:
• Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective
Example: beautiful – beautifully, careful – carefully
• Adverbs can also modify an adjective. In this case, the adverb is placed before the adjective.
Example: She is extremely happy. They are absolutely sure.
• Adverbs of frequency (always, never, sometimes, often, etc.) usually come before the main verb
Example: He is often late for class. Do you always eat in a restaurant? They don’t usually travel on Fridays.
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarforbeginners/a/adverb_use.htm
• Some adverbs modify a whole sentence, not just a part of one.
Example:
Luckily the car stopped in time. In this sentence luckily modifies the whole sentence, it shows that it was good luck that the car stopped in time.
• They are often formed from adjectives or nouns be adding the suffix -ly.
Example: Quick becomes quickly, sudden becomes suddenly, intelligent becomes intelligently, . .
• Some adjectives ending in -ly need no changes.
example: heavenly, . . .
http://www.googleurdu.com/learn-english/index-05.htm
7. Preposition:
shows a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a senten
Example:
up, over, against, by, for
http://grammar.about.com/od/basicsentencegrammar/a/POS.htm
List of Prepositions:
• down
• near
• far
• by
• at
• around
• close
• always
Rules of Prepositions
• The first major rule deals with preposition choice. Certain prepositions must follow certain words, and the correct preposition must be used to make relationships between words in the sentences clear.
• The second major rule deals with the prepositions place in the sentence. Prepositions must be followed by nouns, and prepositions can only go on the end of the sentence in certain situations.
8. Conjunctions:
Conjunctions join different parts of a sentence together. The very word “conjunction” comes from Latin words for ‘join together’
Example:
For
And
Not
But
Or
Yet
Sobecause
since
after
while
if
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070502151506AAAgR6Z
Rules of Conjuntions
• A conjunction may link two or more than two words or sentences. The words before, after, as, when, while, until, since, are also conjunctions. They tell when something happens, so they are called conjunctions of time.
• Maggie could play the piano before she was five.
• I always brush my teeth after I’ve had my breakfast.
• After he began exercising regularly, Jerry became healthier.
• You have grown taller since I saw you last.
• A conjunction is a linking word such as and, or, but. Conjunctions are used to connect words or sentences.
• The animal is large but timid.
• Is this a sheep or a goat?
• a cat and its kittens
• a doctor and a nurse
http://rapidsteps.com/en/en/topic/445/Conjunctions+-+general+rules+with+examples
9. Articles:
A somewhat arbitrarily defined small group of determiners that are placed before noun
Examples:
A
An
The
Rules of Articles:
• The words that start with a vowel sound, like ‘honest’ or ‘honorable’, should have ‘an’ before them.
Examples: an hour late, an honest person, an heir to the throne, an honorable idea.
• In words such as unique, university, unicycle or user, even though the first alphabet is a vowel, the sound produced is ‘yoo’. ‘Y’ is a consonant and hence words that sound like they start with ’Y’, take the article ‘a’ before them.
Examples are: a united front, a U-tube, a European city, a university, a unicycle, a user.
• A indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with consonants
Eric has a dog.
Gregory works in a factory.
• The definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know)
The car over there is fast.
The teacher is very good, isn’t he?
• Donnot use an article when you are speaking about things in general
I like Indian tea.
Simon likes reading books about linguistics.
http://www.world-english.org/articles.htm
